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Qualified personnel means a person knowledgeable in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment and stormwater management controls who possesses the skills and certifications needed to assess conditions at the construction site for the operator that could impact stormwater quality and quantity and to assess the effectiveness of any sediment and erosion control measures or stormwater management facilities selected to control the quality and quantity of stormwater discharges from the construction activity. Regulation means the Virginia Erosion and Stormwater Management Regulation (9VAC25-875). Responsible land disturber or RLD means an individual holding a certificate issued by the department who is responsible for carrying out the land -disturbing activity in accordance with the approved erosion and sediment control plan or ESM plan. The responsible land disturber may be the owner, applicant, permittee, designer, superintendent, project manager, contractor, or any other project or development team member. The RLD must be designated on the erosion and sediment control plan, ESM plan, or permit as defined in this chapter as a prerequisite for engaging in land disturbance. Runoff means that portion of precipitation that is discharged across the land surface or through conveyances to one or more waterways. Runoff characteristics includes maximum velocity, peak flow rate, volume, and flow duration. Runoff volume means the volume of water that runs off the land development project from a prescribed storm event. Sediment basin means a temporary impoundment built to retain sediment and debris with a controlled stormwater release structure. Sediment trap means a temporary impoundment to retain sediment and debris which is formed by constructing an earthen embankment with a stone outlet. Sheet flow means shallow, unconcentrated and irregular flow down a slope. The length of strip for overland flow usually does not exceed 200 feet under natural conditions. Shoreline erosion control project means an erosion control project approved by local wetlands boards, the Virginia Marine Resources Commission, the department, or the United States Army Corps of Engineers and located on tidal waters and within nonvegetated or vegetated wetlands as defined in Title 28.2 of the Code of Virginia. Site means the land or water area where any facility or land -disturbing activity is physically located or conducted, including adjacent land used or preserved in connection with the facility or land -disturbing activity. Areas channelward of mean low water in tidal Virginia shall not be considered part of a site. Site hydrology means the movement of water on, across, through, and off the site as determined by the parameters including soil types, soil permeability, vegetative cover, seasonal water tables, slopes, land cover, and impervious cover. Slope drain means tubing or conduit made of nonerosive material extending from the top to the bottom of a cut or full slope with an energy dissipator at the outlet end. Small construction activity means (1) construction activities including clearing, grading, and excavating that result in land disturbance of equal to or greater than one acre and less than five acres. Small construction activity also includes the disturbance of less than one acre of total land area that is part of a larger common plan of development or sale if the larger common plan will ultimately disturb equal to or greater than one and less than five acres. Small construction activity does not include routine maintenance that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the facility. The department may waive the otherwise applicable requirements in a general permit for a stormwater discharge from construction activities that disturb less than five acres where stormwater controls are not needed based on an approved "total maximum daily load" (TMDL) that addresses the pollutants of concern or, for nonimpaired waters that do not require TMDLs, an equivalent analysis that determines allocations for small construction sites for the pollutants of concern or that Page 7 of 27